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White Rabbit
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papers/ISPCS2018/wrApplicationsOverview.bib
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......@@ -518,3 +518,27 @@ year = "2016",
title = "{Companies producing White Rabbit Devices}",
howpublished = {\url{www.ohwr.org/projects/white-rabbit/wiki/wrcompanies}},
}
@Misc{biblio:TAIGA-WR-harsh-env,
title = "{TESTING {W}HITE {R}ABBIT HARDWARE IN FIELD CONDITIONS IN SIBERIA}",
howpublished = {\url{www.asterics2020.eu/article/testing-white-rabbit-hardware-field-conditions-siberia}},
}
@Misc{biblio:GVD,
title = "{Baikal Neutrino Observatory}",
howpublished = {\url{http://www.inr.ru/eng/ebgnt.html}},
}
@Inproceedings{biblio:TAIGA-WR-1,
author = "M. Bruckner and et al.",
title = "{A White Rabbit setup for sub-nsec synchronization, timestamping and time calibration in large scale astroparticle physics experiments}",
booktitle = "ICRS",
year = "2013",
}
@Inproceedings{biblio:TAIGA-WR-2,
author = "Ralf Wischnewski and et al.",
title = "{Time Synchronization with White Rabbit -- Experience from Tunka-HiSCORE}",
booktitle = "ICRS",
year = "2015",
}
@Misc{biblio:HAWK,
title = "{{HAWC} and “{HAWC-S}outh”}",
howpublished = {\url{www.iaps.inaf.it/stacex/Presentazioni/DuVernois\_Stacex.pdf}},
}
papers/ISPCS2018/wrApplicationsOverview.tex
View file @ b532b960
......@@ -50,33 +50,43 @@
\begin{abstract}
%\boldmath
White Rabbit (WR) extends the Precision Time Protocol (PTP)
\\
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\\
This article provides an overview of applications and
enhancements to the White Rabbit (WR) extension of the Precision Time Protocol (PTP).
Initially developed to serve accelerators at the European Organization for
Nuclear Research (CERN), WR has become widely-used synchronization solution
in scientific installations. This article classifies WR applications
into five types, briefly explains each and describes its example
installations. It then summarizes WR enhancements that have been triggered by
such proliferation of applications and WR's integration into the PTP.
With its wide adaptation in science, commercial support,
up-coming standardization and EU-founded projects to catalyze applications in the
industry, we can conclude that WR applications will continue to proliferate, both
in science and industry.
\end{abstract}
\section{Introduction}
White Rabbit (WR) \cite{biblio:whiteRabbit} is a
multilaboratory, multicompany and multinational collaboration to
develop new a technology providing a versatile solution for control and data acquisition
systems. With the same name, this new technology provides sub-nanosecond
White Rabbit (WR) \cite{biblio:whiteRabbit} is a new technology that provides sub-nanosecond
accuracy and picoseconds precision of synchronization as well as deterministic and
reliable data delivery for large distributed systems.
reliable data delivery for large distributed systems. The project with the same name
is a multilaboratory, multicompany and multinational collaboration that was originally set up to
develop a versatile solution for control and data acquisition
systems.
% White Rabbit (WR) \cite{biblio:whiteRabbit} is a
% multilaboratory, multicompany and multinational collaboration to
% develop new a technology providing a versatile solution for control and data acquisition
% systems. With the same name, this new technology provides sub-nanosecond
% accuracy and picoseconds precision of synchronization as well as deterministic and
% reliable data delivery for large distributed systems.
WR is based on well-established networking standards, extending them when needed,
to meet the requirements of WR applications. A WR network
% , depicted in Figure~\ref{fig:WRN},
is a Bridged Local Area Network (IEEE 802.1Q \cite{biblio:802.1Q}) that uses Ethernet
(IEEE 802.3 \cite{biblio:IEEE802.3}) to interconnect network elements and
Precision Time Protocol (PTP, IEEE 1588-2008 \cite{biblio:IEEE1588}) to synchronize
is a Bridged Local Area Network (IEEE 802.1Q) that uses Ethernet
(IEEE 802.3) to interconnect network elements and
Precision Time Protocol (PTP, IEEE 1588-2008) to synchronize
them. A WR network consists of WR switches and WR nodes
that implement WR enhancements:
\begin{enumerate}
......@@ -112,8 +122,8 @@ collaboration with companies.
% commercially available, used all over the world, and being incorporated into
% the original PTP standard \cite{biblio:P1588WG}\cite{P1588-HA-enhancements}.
This article attempts at providing a snapshot of the various WR applications,
the ongoing work on enhancing WR and evolution of WR into IEEE1588.
% This article attempts at providing a snapshot of the various WR applications,
% the ongoing work on enhancing WR and evolution of WR into IEEE1588.
The article briefly describes in Section~\ref{sec:wrElements} the portfolio of
readily available WR network elements. It then explains in
Sections~\ref{sec:time-and-freq}-\ref{sec:RFoverWR} different types of
......@@ -131,8 +141,8 @@ IEEE1588 standard and we conclude in Section~\ref{sec:conclusions}.
{| p{0.9cm} | p{1cm} | p{0.6cm} | p{0.51cm} | p{0.9cm} | p{0.9cm} | p{1.1cm} |} \hline
& & & & \multicolumn{2}{c |}{\textbf{ Network Size}} & \\
\textbf{Facility}&\textbf{Location}&\textbf{Type}&\textbf{Link} & \textbf{in 2018}& \textbf{$>$2020} &\textbf{Reference} \\
& & &\textbf{Len} & N / S / L & N / S / L & \\
& & & (max) & & & \\ \hline
& & & \textbf{Len} & N / S / L & N / S / L & \\ \hline
% & & & (max) & & & \\ \hline
\multicolumn{7}{|c|}{\textbf{Accelerators, synchrotrons and spallation sources}} \\ \hline
......@@ -156,12 +166,20 @@ KM3Net & Spain & TF,TS & 100km & 18/1/1
CHIPS & USA & & 1km & & 200/16/? & \\ \hline
DUNE & Switz/USA & TS,TD & 1km & 14/5/2 & 36/5/2 & \\ \hline
SBN & USA & TS,TD & 1km & 6/1/1 & 6/1/1 & \\ \hline
GVD & Russia & TS,TD & 1km & 3/1/1 & & \cite{biblio:GVD} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{7}{|c|}{\textbf{Cosmic Ray Detectors}} \\ \hline
LHAASO & China & TF,TS & 1km & 40/4/4 & 6734/564/4 & \cite{biblio:LHAASO}\cite{biblio:LHAASO-WR-temp}\cite{biblio:LHAASO-WR-calibrator} \cite{biblio:LHAASO-WR-prototype}\\ \hline
HiSCORE & Russia & TS & & & & \\ \hline
CTA & Spain/Chile & TF,TS & few km & 32/3/2 & 220/10/2 & \cite{biblio:CTA-WR-timestamps}\\ \hline
% HiSCORE & Russia & TS,TD & & & & \\ \hline
TAIGA & Russia & TS,TD & 1km & 20/4/2 & 1100/90/3 & \cite{biblio:TAIGA-WR-1}\cite{biblio:TAIGA-WR-2} \\ \hline
CTA & Spain/Chile & TF,TS & 10km & 32/3/2 & 220/10/2 & \cite{biblio:CTA-WR-timestamps}\\ \hline
HAWC & Maxico & TS,TD & 1km & & & \cite{biblio:GVD} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{7}{|c|}{\textbf{National Time Laboratories}} \\ \hline
......@@ -175,7 +193,7 @@ INRIM & Italy & TF,TS & 400km &
\multicolumn{7}{|c|}{\textbf{Other Applications}} \\ \hline
SKA & Australia/ Africa& TF & 80km & 2/1/1 & 233/15/3 & \cite{biblio:SKA-80km} \\ \hline
DLR & Germany & TS & 1km & & & \cite{biblio:ELI-BEAMS-WR} \\ \hline
DLR & Germany & TD & 1km & 1/1/1 & 1/1/1 & \cite{biblio:ELI-BEAMS-WR} \\ \hline
ELI-ALPS & Hungry & TS & 1km & & & \cite{biblio:ELI-ALP-WR} \\ \hline
ELI-BEAMS & Czech & TF,TS, TD,TC& 1km & 70/16/2 & & \cite{biblio:ELI-BEAMS-WR} \\ \hline
EPFL & Switzerland & TS & 1km & 2/1/1 & & \cite{biblio:EPFL-WR-PMU} \\ \hline
......@@ -313,7 +331,7 @@ VSL & 2x137km & bidir. on CWDM (1470\&1490nm)(\#)
LNE- & 25km & bidir. at 1310\&1490nm & 150ps & 1-2ps@1000s & \cite{biblio:SYRTE-LNE-25km} \\ \cline{2-6}
SYRTE & 125km & unidir. in the C-band or close OSC & 2.5ns & 1ps@1s (**) & \cite{biblio:SYRTE-LNE-500km} \\ \cline{2-6}
& 4x125km & unidir. in the C-band or close OSC & 2.5ns & 5.5ps@1s (**) & \cite{biblio:SYRTE-LNE-500km} \\ \hline
NIST & $<$10km & bidir. standard WR (1210\&1490nm \cite{biblio:wr-sfps}) & below 200ps & 20ps@1s & \cite{biblio:WR-NIST} \\ \hline
NIST & $<$10km & bidir. standard WR (1310\&1490nm \cite{biblio:wr-sfps}) & below 200ps & 20ps@1s & \cite{biblio:WR-NIST} \\ \hline
NPL & & & & & \\ \hline
& 50km & bidir. in WDM & 800ps $\pm$56ps& & \cite{biblio:WR-INRIM} \\ \cline{2-6}
INRIM & 70k m & bidir. in WDM & 610ps $\pm$47ps& & \cite{biblio:WR-INRIM} \\ \cline{2-6}
......@@ -447,23 +465,24 @@ precision and frequency stability are required, accuracy is not so important.
\subsection{Example Applications}
\textcolor{gray}{
The first application of WR was in the second run of the CERN Neutrinos to Gran
Sasso (CNGS) experiment \cite{biblio:wr-cngs} and required timestamping of
events at the extraction and detection of neutrinos. Two WR
networks were installed in parallel with the initial timing system: one at CERN and one in Gran Sasso. Each WR network consisted of a Grandmaster
WR switch connected to the time reference \cite{biblio:PolaRx4e}\cite{biblio:CS4000},
a WR switch in the underground cavern and a number of WR nodes timestamping
input signals. The measured performance of the deployed system over 1 month of
operation was 0.517 ns accuracy and 0.119 ns precision.
}
% \textcolor{gray}{
% The first application of WR was in the second run of the CERN Neutrinos to Gran
% Sasso (CNGS) experiment \cite{biblio:wr-cngs} and required timestamping of
% events at the extraction and detection of neutrinos. Two WR
% networks were installed in parallel with the initial timing system: one at CERN and one in Gran Sasso. Each WR network consisted of a Grandmaster
% WR switch connected to the time reference \cite{biblio:PolaRx4e}\cite{biblio:CS4000},
% a WR switch in the underground cavern and a number of WR nodes timestamping
% input signals. The measured performance of the deployed system over 1 month of
% operation was 0.517 ns accuracy and 0.119 ns precision.
% }
The most demanding WR applications in terms of timestamping are cosmic ray and
neutrino detectors that record the time of arrival of particles in individual
detector units distributed over up to kilometers. Based on the difference
in the time of arrival, the trajectory of particles are calculated. For these
applications, a high precision and accuracy is required in very harsh
environmental conditions due to their locations.
environmental conditions due to their locations
\textcolor{red}{ (in the framework of the \cite{TAIGA-WR-harsh-env})}.
The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), located at 4410m above
sea level in China (Tibert), requires a 500~ps RMS \cite{biblio:LHAASO} alignment
......@@ -485,15 +504,16 @@ few 100~ps precision. 4140 DOMs at 3500~m depth 100~km off-shore of Italy and
reference using WR network \cite{biblio:WR-KM3NeT-Letter}\cite{biblio:WR-KM3NeT-presentation}.
Initial tests have been succesfully performed with 18 DOMs off-shore France and Italy to validate the system.
\textcolor{gray}{
Other applications of WR that use timestamping include the Cherenkov Telescope Array
to be built in Chile and Spain \cite{biblio:CTA-WR-timestamps},
the Extreme Light Infrastructures in Hungary \cite{biblio:ELI-ALP-WR} and Czech Republic
\cite{biblio:ELI-BEAMS-WR}, Satellite Laser Ranging at German Aerospace Center
or Power Industry and Smart Grid studied at Swiss Federal
Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) \cite{biblio:EPFL-WR-PMU}.
}
% \textcolor{gray}{
% Other applications of WR that use timestamping include the Cherenkov Telescope Array
% to be built in Chile and Spain \cite{biblio:CTA-WR-timestamps},
% the Extreme Light Infrastructures in Hungary \cite{biblio:ELI-ALP-WR} and Czech Republic
% \cite{biblio:ELI-BEAMS-WR}, Satellite Laser Ranging at German Aerospace Center
% or Power Industry and Smart Grid studied at Swiss Federal
% Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) \cite{biblio:EPFL-WR-PMU}.
% }
% biblio:GVD
\section{Trigger Distribution (TD)}
\label{sec:triggers-distribution}
......@@ -554,11 +574,11 @@ for Instrumentation (WRXI) project \cite{biblio:WRXI} that is based on the exist
eXtensions for Instrumentation (LXI) standard, extending it when necessary. The WRXI
for OASIS is meant to be operational in 2019.
\textcolor{gray}{
Other applications of WR-based \textit{trigger distribution} include triggering of
experiment instrumentation at China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS)
\cite{biblio:CSNS-WR}.
}
% \textcolor{gray}{
% Other applications of WR-based \textit{trigger distribution} include triggering of
% experiment instrumentation at China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS)
% \cite{biblio:CSNS-WR}.
% }
\section{Fixed-Latency Data Transfer (FL)}
\label{sec:fixed-latency}
......@@ -617,12 +637,12 @@ the accelerators should be running WR-BTrain operationally \cite{biblio:WR-Btrai
For each accelerator, a separated WR-BTrian system is installed consisting of 1-2
WR switches and 2-5 WR nodes.
\textcolor{gray}{
Fixed-latency data transfer is considered for the operation of the
Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility (NICE) at the Joint Institute for Nuclear
Research (JINR) \cite{biblio:JINR} that already uses WR as the main clock
and time distribution system \cite{biblio:JINR-WR}.
}
% \textcolor{gray}{
% Fixed-latency data transfer is considered for the operation of the
% Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility (NICE) at the Joint Institute for Nuclear
% Research (JINR) \cite{biblio:JINR} that already uses WR as the main clock
% and time distribution system \cite{biblio:JINR-WR}.
% }
\section{Radio-Frequency Transfer (RF)}
......
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